The frequency of shedding of vaccine strain virus was similar to that previously reported in both HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected children, as well as in HIV-infected adults 30 , Two other positive specimens were obtained at day 15, but the origin vaccine strain vs wild type of these could not be identified due to insufficient virus in the sample. Neither of these subjects had positive samples for vaccine virus at any prior time. Wild-type influenza virus was circulating in the community and was detected during the sampling period; two asymptomatic subjects had H3N2 wild-type virus isolated day 14; day As demonstrated in the figure and its legend the titer of vaccine virus isolated was to 10, times lower than the inoculum administered 46 , and was similar to that previously reported after LAIV administration to children Thus, administration of LAIV to these HIV-infected children did not result in an extended period of vaccine virus shedding to the environment.
This statement applies equally to all three of the defined immunologic strata. We conclude that within this defined population of HIV-infected children the safety, immunogenicity, and pattern of vaccine virus shedding were similar to what has been previously observed in LAIV-vaccinated children without HIV infection.
Fisher, MD; Kenji M. Douglas, MD; Richard M. Rutstein, MD; Carol A. Paul, MD; Heidi L. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases or the National Institutes of Health. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication.
As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Author manuscript; available in PMC Aug 5.
Myron J. Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Corresponding Author: Myron J. Copyright notice. The publisher's final edited version of this article is available at Vaccine. See other articles in PMC that cite the published article. Regimen All subjects received influenza immunization as soon as possible in September and as late as November 19, Clinical evaluation Subjects or their caretakers had information collected about adverse events on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 post-vaccination by telephone if they were in Arm B, and by telephone days 7 and 21 and during scheduled study visits days 3 and 14 if they were in Arm A.
Specimen Collection Blood was obtained on all subjects prior to vaccination, at 28 days, and 6 months after vaccination in order to measure plasma HIV RNA, lymphocyte phenotypes, and serum levels of HAI antibody against influenza serotypes in the vaccine.
Cultures of nasal swab specimens for influenza virus Each nostril was sampled using a Dacron swab. Viral isolation Clinical specimens 0. Titration of influenza in positive specimens Virus from influenza-positive cultures was quantified in an assay that measured infectious, cytocidal virus in confluent Madin-Darby canine kidney MDCK cells in well plates.
Genotyping and subtyping of influenza isolates A PCR assay was used to identify and confirm the presence of wild-type wt and cold-adapted ca influenza virus in nasal swab samples using two separate PCR amplification reactions Open in a separate window. Table 2 Table 2a. Table 2b. Parentheses indicate per cent of subjects with events of the grade indicated.
Subject who had graded and ungraded diagnoses were counted separately in this category. Figure 1. Vaccine virus shedding N indicates the number of specimens obtained on the days indicated.
Footnotes Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. Encephalitis and encephalopathy associated with an influenza epidemic in Japan. Clin Infect Dis. Siberry GK. Complications of influenza infection in children. Pediatric Annals. Burden of interpandemic influenza in children younger than 5 years: a year prospective study.
J Infect Dis. Influenza-related hospitalizations in children younger than three years of age. Ped Infect Dis J. The underrecognized burden of influenza in your children. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials. Abstract Background: A trivalent, Ann Arbor strain, live attenuated influenza vaccine LAIV is approved for use in children 24 months of age and older in a number of countries. That one is a viral vector vaccine.
It works similarly to the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines in that it uses the body's cells to create that spike protein, which the immune system then learns how to attack.
That virus is an adenovirus, not the coronavirus that causes COVID, and it's been modified not to replicate or cause illness. So even though vaccine virus shedding is a potential yet extremely rare risk when it comes to live attenuated vaccines, it doesn't apply to these vaccines, since they don't contain the virus that causes COVID While vaccine shedding myths — as well as other misconceptions about the COVID shots — are easily debunked, they spread like wildfire online, threatening public health and efforts to smother the coronavirus.
Case in point: A private school in Miami that told teachers they must stay away from students if they received the vaccine, citing false claims about vaccine shedding. It's putting some teachers in the position of choosing between getting the vaccine or keeping their jobs, not to mention fueling vaccine hesitancy in the community at large.
Hence why it's so important to be careful to look into any weird claims you see online before believing them, let alone sharing the info with others. Here are a few places where you can find reliable health information online:. Many other websites that end in. As for information you see on social media, proceed with caution, experts say. Even if the person has a huge following, that doesn't necessarily mean they're qualified to provide trustworthy advice on health and medicine, says Dr. Said another way, if you are healthy and susceptible and you find yourself in a situation with one mask and an infected person, give them the mask and physically distance.
You will be safer than if you wear the mask yourself. The type and fit of the mask is important — Given that a mask serves as a physical barrier for virus particles, the type of material from which the mask is made and the snugness of its fit are important determinants of its effectiveness.
This is why multilayer masks made of materials with tight fibers are more effective, and bandanas and gaiter masks are less effective. You can find information on how to properly wear, remove and care for your mask in this previous Parents PACK article. Viral shedding and vaccines Viral shedding can occur following vaccination if the vaccine contains live, weakened viruses because that type of vaccine causes immunity through viral reproduction. Parts of virus — During an infection, the entire virus is produced, but the COVID vaccines only introduce the nucleic acid related to one viral protein — the spike protein — so no other genes or proteins are available to produce viral particles.
Simply put, it is impossible for the vaccines to result in the production of infectious virus particles. Our cells do not have the directions to make the whole virus. Location of processing — As described earlier, when a person is infected with COVID, the earliest viral replication occurs in the nasal cavity. If the immune system does not gain control during those early days, the virus may spread to other parts of the body and infect cells in other locations.
This is why some people seem OK in the beginning, but then after about a week, they get more severely ill. On the other hand, the mRNA and adenovirus-vector vaccines are processed near the injection site, so the spike protein is never in an area of the body from which it could be shed, such as the nose. Whisper-down-the-lane game — Unfortunately, because there is confusion related to whether the virus can be shed after vaccination, other misinformed ideas become conflated with the idea that a vaccinated person is shedding the virus — or even just the spike protein.
For example, some people have heard that when a vaccinated person sheds the virus or spike protein, they can affect the fertility of someone else. This idea conflates the misunderstanding about viral shedding with another misunderstanding related to fertility. No, these vaccines do not affect fertility.
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